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England comprises the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain, plus offshore islands of which the largest is the Isle of Wight. It is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a 38 km (24 statute mile or 21 nautical mile) sea gap.
London is the place to start. Nowhere in the country can match the scope and innovation of the metropolis, a colossal, frenetic city, perhaps not as immediately attractive as its European counterparts, but with so much variety that the only obstacle to a great time is the shockingly high cost of everything. It's here that you'll find Britain's best spread of nightlife, cultural events, museums, galleries, pubs and restaurants. The other large cities, such as Birmingham, Newcastle, Leeds or Liverpool each have their strengths: Birmingham has a resurgent arts scene, for example, while people travel for miles to sample Newcastle's nightlife. These days Manchester can match the capital for glamour in cafés and clubs, and also boasts the inimitable draw of the world's best-known football team.
Most of England consists of rolling hills, but it is more mountainous in the north with a chain of low mountains, the Pennines, dividing east and west. The dividing line between terrain types is usually indicated by the Tees-Exe line. There is also an area of flat, low-lying marshland in the east, much of which has been drained for agricultural use.
The list of England's largest cities is much debated because in British English the normal meaning of city is "a continuously built-up urban area"; these are hard to define and various other definitions are preferred by some people to boost the ranking of their own city. However, by any definition London is by far the largest English city. Manchester and Birmingham traditionally vie for second place. A number of other cities, mainly in the north of England, are of substantial size and influence. These include: Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Nottingham, Bristol, Sheffield and Hull.
Although Bath could easily be seen on a day-trip from London, it really deserves a couple of days on the spot; the city is chock-full of museums, but some of the greatest enjoyment comes simply from the streets, with their pale gold architecture and sweeping vistas.
The Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to the European mainland. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel.
The largest natural harbour in England is at Poole, on the south-central coast. Internationally, it is the second largest harbour in the world, although this fact is disputed.
England's ancient cathedral cities, such as
Lincoln,
York, Salisbury, Durham and Winchester , cannot be equalled for sheer physical beauty. Wherever you're based, you're never more than a few miles from a ruined castle, a majestic country house, a secluded chapel or a monastery. In the southwest there are remnants of a Celtic culture that was all but eradicated elsewhere by the Romans, and everywhere you can find traces of prehistoric settlers - most famously the megalithic circles of Stonehenge and Avebury .
Major Areas of population in England are:
Greater London,
West Midlands,
Greater Manchester, Leeds/Bradford, Tyne and Wear (Newcastle/Sunderland), Liverpool, Nottingham, Sheffield, Bristol, Brighton, Portsmouth, Leicester, Bournemouth/Poole, Reading and Teeside.
England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round, though the seasons are quite variable in temperature. The prevailing wind is from the southwest, bringing mild and wet weather to England regularly, from the Atlantic Ocean. It is driest in the east and warmest in the southeast, which is closest to the European continent. Snowfall can occur in Winter and early Spring, though it is not that common away from high ground.
Hotel Classification: There is no official hotel classification system in the United Kingdom. Two separate voluntary systems are used in England and Scotland. The English Tourism Council (ETC) awards star ratings (based on quality and facilities) from 1 star up to 5 stars for full-service hotels and 1 to 5 diamonds (based on quality) for B&Bs and guesthouses. The Scottish Tourist Board (STB) awards stars (based on quality) to all types of accommodation. The English scheme is harmonised with the stars and diamonds awarded by the AA and RAC. The Scottish scheme is not, so a property in Scotland may have different STB and AA/RAC star ratings.
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